Reference
Research peptide guides
Clear, science-led explanations written for researchers. What each compound is, what the published literature examines, and how the paperwork works. Every guide is framed for in-vitro laboratory research use only.
Start here · 6 min read
What is a certificate of analysis?
How to read a peptide certificate of analysis, what HPLC and mass spectrometry results actually tell you, and the warning signs of a poor or fabricated COA.
Read the guide
Quality & COAHow to store research peptides
Why lyophilised and in-solution peptides have very different stability profiles, and how that shapes correct storage, light exposure and handling practice.
4 MIN READ
Quality & COABacteriostatic water and peptide stability
What bacteriostatic water is, why lyophilised peptides are normally reconstituted with it, and why a pre-filled, pre-mixed pen removes that step entirely.
6 MIN READ- Quality & COA
How to read a peptide COA (certificate of analysis), 2026
A field-by-field walk-through of a peptide certificate of analysis: what each line proves, the difference between purity, identity and content, and an annotated example using Celyfe's published NAD+ certificate (batch A26085).
10 MIN READ - Quality & COA
HPLC vs mass spectrometry for peptides: purity vs identity
Why HPLC measures purity and mass spectrometry confirms identity, how truncated and deletion sequences can slip through a UV purity test, and what LC-MS adds to a peptide certificate.
8 MIN READ - Quality & COA
Peptide net content vs purity: why 99% isn't 99% by mass
What net peptide content means, how counter-ions such as TFA and acetate and absorbed water reduce the peptide share of a powder, and how a measured mg/ml result relates to the label claim.
8 MIN READ - Quality & COA
Peptide endotoxin and sterility testing: LAL, USP <71>
What endotoxin (LAL and recombinant factor C), sterility and heavy metal tests measure, the pharmacopoeia methods behind them, and what research peptide certificates usually do and do not include.
8 MIN READ - Quality & COA
Independent peptide testing explained: labs and fake COAs
How third-party peptide testing works, the difference between vendor-submitted and independently sourced samples, what ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation means, and how to check that a COA is real.
8 MIN READ - Quality & COA
Peptide glossary: 60+ research terms explained
Plain one-sentence definitions of the chemistry, synthesis, testing, storage and documentation terms used in peptide research, from amino acid to UV detection.
10 MIN READ